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INS ''Chakra'' is a Project 971〔http://en.rian.ru/mlitary_news/20120123/170896950.html Russia Hands Over Nerpa Nuclear Sub to India〕〔http://en.rian.ru/infographics/20090729/155661233.html K-152 Nerpa: Russian Akula II class nuclear attack submarine〕 (or Project 518;〔(Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has a working meeting with Roman Trotsenko, President of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) )〕 NATO: 〔〔) nuclear-powered attack submarine. Construction was started in 1993, but suspended due to lack of funding. The Indian Navy sponsored the building and sea trials of the submarine provided it was given to the Indian Navy on lease for 10 years. It was launched as ''K-152 Nerpa'' in October 2008 and entered service with the Russian Navy in late 2009. The submarine was leased to the Indian Navy in 2011 after extensive trials, and was formally commissioned into service as INS ''Chakra'' II at a ceremony in Visakhapatnam on 4 April 2012. The INS ''Chakra'' joined the Eastern Naval Command at Visakhapatnam.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= Indian Navy Inducts Nuclear-powered Attack Submarine )〕 While ''K-152 Nerpa'' was undergoing sea trials in the Sea of Japan on 8 November 2008, a fire suppression system was accidentally initiated. The accident killed 20 civilian specialists and navy crew members and injured 21 others. ==Construction== ''Nerpa'' was laid down at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur shipyard in 1993, but its completion was delayed for nearly a decade due to a lack of funds caused by the economic crisis of the early 1990s. The partly constructed vessel was mothballed until 2004, when Rosprom (the Federal Agency for Industry) signed an agreement with the Indian government to complete the submarine and lease it to the Indian Navy. The vessel was intended to be completed by 2007, but underwent further delays. In 2007, it was transferred to the Vostok shipyard in the closed city of Bolshoy Kamen, Primorsky Krai, for fitting-out. It was launched in October 2008 for sea trials, following which it was due to be handed over to the Russian Defence Ministry. Reports in the Indian media suggest that the resumption of construction was underwritten with Indian funding. The standards of the vessel's construction were criticised by several commentators. Alexander Golts, defence editor of the ''Yezhednevny Zhurnal'' newspaper, said that in the 1980s, the Amur shipyard turned out submarines "one after another, like pancakes," but from 1993 to 2008 had produced just one. "The old specialists had left, and the new ones lacked professionalism."〔 An unnamed worker at the Amur shipyard told ''Komsomolskaya Pravda'' that there were "questions about the quality of the metal that was used in building the nuclear submarine", some of which had been bought from China, and alleged that "when the first trials of the submarine were carried out water was leaking in between the seams! So it is not surprising that the work dragged on."〔 During May 2009, the repairs were reported to be almost complete and new sea trials were planned for 15–20 June.〔(New sea trials of Nerpa submarine set for June – paper ) RIA Novosti 13 May 2009〕 By October 2009, the work had still not been completed due to the shipyard's electrical supply having been disconnected. Nikolai Povzyk, the head of the shipyard, complained they had not been paid the 1.9 billion roubles (63.8 million dollars) owed for the work carried out on ''Nerpa''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian submarine Nerpa (K-152)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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